Detection of Carbapenemase Production in a Collection of Enterobacteriaceae with Characterized Resistance Mechanisms from Clinical and Environmental Origins by Use of Both Carba NP and Blue-Carba Tests

Rapid-screening methods to confirm the presence of resistance mechanisms in multidrug-resistant bacteria are currently recommended. Carba NP and Blue-Carba tests were evaluated in carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae from hospital (n = 102) and environmental (n = 57) origins for detecting the different molecular classes among them. Both methods showed to be fast and cost-effective, with high sensitivity (98% to 100%) and specificity (100%), and may be easily introduced in the routine laboratory.

Rapid detection of β-lactamase-hydrolyzing extended-spectrum cephalosporins in Enterobacteriaceae by use of the new chromogenic βLacta test

The chromogenic βLacta test developed for the rapid detection of β-lactamase-hydrolyzing extended-spectrum cephalosporins in Enterobacteriaceae revealed good performance with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers (97.5% true-positive results). However, false-negative results occurred with chromosomal AmpC hyperproducers and plasmid AmpC producers, whereas uninterpretable results were mostly due to VIM-1 carbapenemase producers and possibly low levels of expressed ESBLs.

Coexistence of mcr-1 and blaNDM-1 in Escherichia coli from Venezuela

We studied the presence of the mobile colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in human, animal, and environmental Enterobacteriaceae samples from Cumana, Venezuela, that were collected in 2015. The mcr-1 gene was detected in 2/93 Escherichia coli isolates from swine (novel ST452) and human (ST19) samples that were resistant to colistin. Whole-genome sequencing and transformation experiments identified mcr-1 on an IncI2 plasmid. One of the isolates also bore the widely spread carbapenemase NDM-1. A One Health approach is necessary to further elucidate the flux of these high-risk genes.

Características microbiológicas y clínico-epidemiológicas de enterobacterias productoras de carbapenemasa oxa-48 en el contexto de un brote hospitalario

La diseminación de enterobacterias resistentes a los antibióticos carbapenémicos constituye una importante amenaza para los sistemas de salud. Las especies pertenecientes a la familia Enterobacteriaceae son la principal causa de infecciones relacionadas con la asistencia sanitaria, siendo los antibióticos carbapenémicos el último escalón terapéutico para una proporción cada vez mayor de pacientes con infecciones graves producidas por enterobacterias. La carbapenemasa OXA-48 es un enzima oxacilinasa con actividad hidrolítica para los antibióticos carbapenémicos que se describió por primera vez en un paciente hospitalizado en Turquía en el año 2001. Desde entonces las enterobacterias productoras de carbapenemasa OXA-48 han sido detectadas en numerosos países en el norte de África, Oriente Medio y Europa. Las enterobacterias productoras de carbapenemasa OXA-48 han estado implicadas en brotes nosocomiales y son un problema de gran trascendencia clínica. El gen que codifica para la carbapenemasa OXA-48 (blaOXA-48) forma parte del transposón Tn1999 que está flanqueado por dos copias de la secuencia de inserción IS1999...